Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Alstrom syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterised by vision loss, hearing loss, childhood obesity, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, cardiomyopathy, and progressive pulmonary, hepatic, and renal dysfunction. Hyperinsulinemia develops early, and pancreatic islets show beta-cell proliferation, thus suggesting that both insulin resistance and increased insulin secretion might contribute to gluco...

Background: Although high levels of calcitonin suggest neoplastic proliferations such as medullary thyroid carcinoma, C cell hyperplasia and some neuroendocrine tumors, systemic diseases and drugs may also elevate calcitonin. Although calcitonin is not as effective as PTH, it has got a role in calcium hemoastasis. Supraphysiological calcitonin level can lead to hypocalcemia.Case presentation: A 57-year-old male patient was diagnosed with epilepsy with co...

IntroductionPituitary apoplexy is seen in 1.5–27.7% of pituitary adenomas. Common etiologies include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, radiotherapy, contrast-enhanced MR, surgery, drugs, anticoagulant, antithrombotic, estrogen, head trauma and pregnancy. SARS-CoV-2 had spread rapidly, and caused COVID-19 pandemic. Although it mainly causes respiratory problems, there may also be extrapulmonary involvement. COVID-19 infection is associated with hemorr...

BackgroundDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes. It is characterised by the triad of hyperglycemia (blood sugar >250 mg/dl), ketosis and metabolic acidosis (arterial pH CaseA 22-year-old female patient appl...

IntroductionHypercholesterolemia may develop due to primary and secondary causes. Diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome and liver diseases are among the most common causes of secondary hyperlipidemia. Here, we will present a case with severe hyperlipidemia due to primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC).CaseA 36-year-old male patient was admitted to our outpatient clinic due to severe hypercholeste...

Introduction: Goiter means that the thyroid gland is larger than the normal size for the patient’s age and gender. Some of the causes of goiter are iodine deficiency, thyroid nodules, Graves’ disease(GD). Goiter, hyperthyroidism, ophthalmopathy and dermopathy can be seen in GD. Compression symptoms due to goiter (dyspnea, dysphagia, superior vena cava syndrome) are also seen. Here, we will present a case of GD with superior vena cava syndrome.C...

Introduction: The risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules is reported by the Bethesda system by performing fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Atypia of undetermined significance(AUS) or follicular lesion of undetermined significance(FLUS)(Bethesda 3) and suspicious for a follicular neoplasm (Bethesda 4) create uncertainty about treatment and follow-up. Molecular tests, ultrasonographic features of the nodules, and calcitonin level help us for this uncertainty. Here, we will p...

BackgroundPrimary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is defined as a lymphoma involving only the thyroid gland or the thyroid gland and adjacent (regional) neck lymph nodes. Primary lymphomas of the thyroid are uncommon tumours, representing approximately 5% of the thyroid neoplasms and 2% of extranodal lymphomas. The most characteristic presentation is that of a rapidly enlarging neck mass often associated with dysphagia [5]. The majority of patients are euthyroid ...